Mechanism
Structure
Kinematic chain
Inversion
modulus of elasticity
co-efficient of expansion
change in temperature
all the above
tensile stress
compressive stress
shear stress
no stress
Pig iron
Cast iron
Steel
Wrought iron
4 to 5%
0.2 to 0.4%
0.6 to 1.1 %
1 to 2 %