The size of a shaper is given by

stroke length

motor power

mass of machine

rate size

increasing the centre distance of bull gear and crank pin

decreasing the centre distance of bull gear and crank pin

increasing the length of the arm

decreasing the length of the slot in the slotted lever

to produce good surface finish and high degree of accuracy

to remove considerable amount of metal without regard to accuracy of the finished surface

to grind exterior cylindrical surfaces

any one of the above

trimming the surface left by sprues and risers on castings

grinding the parting line left on castings

removing flash on forgings

all of these

internal cylindrical grinding

form grinding

external cylindrical grinding

surface grinding